Physical properties of textile fibres sciencedirect. Substitution of other fibres in a fabric with wool will change fabric moisture and thermal properties. The wool fibers have crimps or curls, which create pockets and give the wool a spongy feel and create insulation for the wearer. Effect of fibre properties on processing greasy wool into. Natures fibre wool is grown yearround by australias 70 million sheep, from a simple blend of water, air, sunshine and grass. Physical and chemical properties of wool fiber textile learner. The outer surface of the wool is covered with natural grease called lanolin, and this makes the wool fibre water repellent. Finer fibres with more crimp such as merino create fabrics that drape better than coarser fibres. Wool fiber physical and chemical properties of wool. Wool is the dense, warm coat of sheep, also called a fleece. Fibre diameter is responsible for 7080 per cent of the greasy wool price over the long term. Highly absorbent, retaining as much as 16 to 18 percent of its weight in moisture, wool becomes warmer to the wearer as it absorbs moisture from the air, thus adjusting its moisture content and, consequently, its weight, in response to atmospheric conditions.
Mar 06, 2012 the wool fibre is similar to human hair. It is thus a lignocellulosic fibre that is partially a textile fibre and partially wood. Wool fibers have a natural crimp, a builtin waviness. Its flexibility and durability, combined with its odour and fireresistant properties, make it suitable for innumerable purposes, both decorative and functional. Fibre properties affecting the softness of wool and other. Acid dyes, chrome and mordant dyes are utilized to dye this. The dye molecules are attracted into the amorphous areas of wool. The wool fiber cross section may be nearly circular, but most wool fibers tend to be slightly elliptical or oval in shape.
The properties of the blended yarns cannot merely be explained in terms of the proportions of the different constituent fibres in the blends. Wool fibre structure and properties science learning hub. Wool is the natural protein fibre obtained from sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camel. Mean fibre diameter is a measurement in micrometres microns of the average diameter of wool fibres in a sale lot. Physical properties of some types of synthetic vitreous fibersa property eglass sglass arglass glass wool rock wool slag wool refractory ceramic fibers special purpose glass fiber 475 formulationb molecular weight na na na na na na na na density gcm3 2. I explain causes for differing materials properties.
Fine and superfine wool production has increased as a percentage of the australian wool clip. May 01, 2019 wool is possibly the oldest fiber known to humans. The tensile properties of wool are quite variable but, typically, at 65% rh and 208c individual fibers have a tenacity of 110140 nktex 140180 mpa, breaking elongation of 3040% and an initial modulus of 21003000 nktex 2. Wool is a complex biological fibre consisting of proteins, which provide flexibility and excellent performance qualities.
The hair of sheep has many unique properties that make it well suited to textile production, something humans realized approximately 8000 bce, when sheep first began to be domesticated. Wool fiber properties of wool fiber classification of wool. Many special grades offer properties such as no binder outgassing, low shot content and high strength. Fibre diameter, staple strength, style, handle and curvature. Wool is the second important natural textile fibre. In soil wool can be used as a slow release fertiliser or. It then considers thermal properties and reaction to moisture. It is not known, however, whether wool fibres can be specified with extreme values in these properties so that wool fibre batches can be assembled to produce significant and predictable differences in these properties in fabric or garment. Cotton fabrics are comfortable to wear than the other fibers product. Cotton fiber physical and chemical properties of cotton. Types, properties and factors affecting breeding and cultivation, 2012. It has worldwide popularity for its variety of use. The measurement of wool fibre properties and their effect on worsted processing performance and product quality.
Youngs modulus and stress relaxation over the strain range 120% are independent of temperature over the range 1080c. Wools range of unique properties make it a desirable and irreplaceable material for a variety of purposes. Wool is the most reused and recyclable fibre of the major apparel fibres. Manufactured fibres are produces in laboratories and factories. It also adds bulk and traps a large volume of air between the fibres, giving it good insulation properties.
To use wool successfully in technical applications requires a highvalue application that can exploit its natural properties, a reduction in costs, or modifying the fibre to achieve a particular. Properties of fibers and fabrics materials education matedu. Wool has had a reputation for being difficult to machine wash in the past, but modern wool fabrics are treated to be truly easycare. In the present study the amount of fibre to be added in a concrete mix is measured as a percentage of the. The hair of sheep has many unique properties that make it well suited to textile production, something humans realized approximately 8000 bce, when sheep first began to. Consider the importance of fiber properties in comfort when fibers are made into fabric.
Wool fibre has good to excellent affinity for dyestuffs. Today, wool is viewed as a luxury fabric due to the high cost in manufacturing and maintaining it. The ecocredentials of wool are enhanced by its long service life and suitability to be recycled to new textiles for clothing. The crimp in wool fibres makes it soft and springy to touch. Wools ecofriendly properties are helping to put wool in the spotlight with wool prices enjoying a 25year high. Wool, yarn, fabric and leather properties were evaluated, showing no significant differences between the methods, except a beneficial increase in fabric pilling resistance where enzymedepilated wool was used. Wool fiber properties of wool fiber classification of. Wool s range of unique properties make it a desirable and irreplaceable material for a variety of purposes. Glass wool fibre glass wool is manufactured by the fusion of a mixture of natural sand and recycled glass at 1450 c, the glass that is produced is converted into fibers. The surface of the fibre is covered by overlapping scales which protect the inner part of the wool.
Crimp and compression properties are also significantly related to fibre softness, yet there is still a lack of knowledge on the contribution of other fibre properties to the softness of wool. The enzyme approach is therefore a viable alternative in sheepskin depilation, with a lower environmental impact than traditional methods. The tensile strength of wool in dry condition is 1 1. Physical properties of wool fibers are given below. Wool fibre physical and chemical properties of wool fibre. Wool is made from keratin, a tough insoluble natural protein with a unique structure and in its pure form will decompose without causing harm to the earth.
Cotton fiber is the most used fibers for producing various types of fabric through all over the world. This interactive shows the cellular structure of wool fibre and how this relates to its properties. Physical and chemical properties of cotton fibre textile. Hence, mean fibre diameter is a significant determinant of the price. Wool consists of protein together with a small percentage of lipids. At the end of its life, if kept warm and wet, or buried in soil, 100% wool will biodegrade releasing valuable nutrients.
The crimp increases the elasticity and elongation properties of the fiber and also aids in yarn manufacturing. Textiles technology to gcse the scales on the wool fibre can lock. Due to the fact that wool is a naturally occurring fiber, it has many unique properties that allowed for it to be one of the earliest fabrics used in the past and present. So the whole family will be safer wearing wool on sunny days. Fibersfibers a thin long flexible structure ina thin long flexible structure in witch, the ratio of length to diameterwitch, the ratio of length to diameter is very high. It is a hair growing on some animals like sheep, goats, rabbits and camels with the sheep providing almost 90% of the total wool produced. Wool is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and this is the only animal fiber, which contains sulfur in addition. Paper and felt our paper and felt sheet products are suitable for a variety of insulation and filtration applications.
Wool structure, mechanical properties and technical products based on animal fibres. The properties of wool fibre, yarn, knitted fabric, and. Because of this ability, wool is known for the beautiful, rich colors that can be achieved. Modacrylic fibers are modified acrylic fibers made from acrylonitriles, but larger amounts of other polymers are added to make the copolymers. Fibre properties yarn fibers free 30day trial scribd. The cotton plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world including africa, americas and india. Youngs modulus is also independent of the rate of straining over the range 0.
It falls into the bast fiber category fiber collected from bast or skin of the plant along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax linen, ramie, etc. It should be noted here that, the greatest diversity of wild cotton species have found in mexico followed by africa and australia. The objective measurement of wool fibre properties. Finally, the book discusses dielectric properties, electrical resistance and static, optical properties and fibre friction.
Pdf wool structure, mechanical properties and technical. Effect of glass wool fibres on mechanical properties of concrete. The modacrylic fibers are produced by polymerizing the components, dissolving the copolymer in acetone, pumping the solution into the column of warm air dryspun, and stretching while hot. Fire resistant wool is flame retardant, doesnt melt and stick to the skin, and even selfextinguishes when the source of flame is removed. After it has fully grown, the thick coat of wool is sheared fig. It was one of the first fibers to be spun into yarn and woven into the fabric. Sunsafe wool is much better at protecting skin against uv radiation than most synthetics and cotton. Here, i have written about physical and chemical properties of wool fiber. Normally properties of textile fiber are three types. Effect of fibre properties on processing greasy wool into worsted yarn peter lamb learning objectives on completion of this topic you should be able to. Of the major apparel fibres, wool is the most reusable and recyclable fibre on the planet.
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, hide and fur clothing from bison, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids. The measurement of wool fibre properties and their effect on. Wool fiber is the natural hair grown on sheep and is composed of protein substance called as keratin. The color of wool fiber could be white, near white, brown and black. F identify the general nature of fibers and fabrics. Properties of wool the learn about wool resources provide an ideal opportunity for year 4 students to investigate the properties of wool in order to determine what makes wool the ideal fibre for use in a wide range of everyday products.
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