Its chemical composition is propane1,2,3triyl trinitrate, a glycerol molecule with three nitro groups substituents on the hydroxy groups. The reaction proceeds in several stages, mono, diand finally trinitrate being produced, the final stage requiring. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine explosives phokion naoum on. Nitroglycerine was invented in 1846 by ascanio sobrero, albert nobel designed a blasting cap that made use of the explosive almost. Naval ordnance laboratory, white oak, silver spring, maryland the detonatability and detonation velocity of ammonium perchlorate ap were studied as functions of diameter, loading density and particle size. The onset of reaction in pure nitromethane is observed at temperatures above 940 k. Nitroglycerin decomposes explosively according to the reaction the difference between nitroglycerin as used in dynamite and that used as medicine nonexplosive is actually the same as the difference between dynamite and pure nitroglycerin, which was used for blasting before dynamite was invented. When the small amount of energy is intoroduced a decomposition reaction occurs. Alfred nobel developed the use of nitroglycerin as a blasting explosive by mixing nitroglycerin with inert absorbents, particularly kieselguhr, or diatomaceous earth. Since the molecule contains oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, when it explodes a lot of energy is released as the atoms rearrange to form new molecules with strong, stable. The reaction rate is much faster with a 2% solution of n2o5 in hno3.
Nitroglycerin is an oily, colourless liquid, but also a high explosive that is so unstable that the slightest jolt, impact or friction can cause it to spontaneously detonate. It is the nitric acid 1 triester of glycerol 2 and is more correctly called glycerol trinitrate. What is happening as a result of the physical shock that sets off the explosive reaction. Nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine explosives naoum, phokion on. Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive th. Nov 07, 2014 the explosive nitroglycerin c3h5n3o9 decomposes rapidly upon ignition or sudden impact according to the following balanced equation. Dinitroguanidine dissolved in water solution, slowly hydrolyzes after prolonged standing to precipitate nitroguanidine. He named this explosive dynamite and patented it in 1867. It is highly sensitive to impact, but incomplete detonation.
It is a solvent for nitrocellulose, and the resulting gel is known as blasting gelatine blasting jelly. Nitroglycerin, also called glyceryl trinitrate, 1,2,3propanetriol trinitrate, nitrin, nitrol or blasting oil, c 3 h 5 no 3 3, is a very unstable, shocksensitive highexplosive. Graves, newcastle, california the history of nitroglycerin and the central pacific railroad is an interesting one, as much has been made of the many workers killed using this new explosive in the building of the pacific railroad. Chemical reaction of dynamite by armand istanboulian dynamite reacts by combustion which means it gives off heat when it reacts. Nfpa ratings shown are for nitroglycerin, cas number 55630.
Torino, 1847 by acting with a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerin at the ordinary temperature. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and chloroform. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a nitric oxide donor, an explosive, a prodrug, a tocolytic agent, a muscle relaxant and a xenobiotic. Nitroglycerin belongs to the group of medicines called nitrates. A guide book for first responders during the initial phase of a dangerous goodshazardous. The swedish chemist alfred nobel 18331896 founded the nobel prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin. Find out information about nonnitroglycerin explosive. Nitroglycerin is highly reactive and can be set off with as little as a jolt of motion. For many warheads that energy is stored in the form of chemical explosives. Jul 28, 2011 best rock songs vietnam war music best rock music of all time 60s and 70s rock playlist duration. The swedish chemist alfred nobel 18331896 founded the nobel prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin and inert ingredients that was safe to handle.
Prior to 1867, nitroglycerine was shipped as a liquid. Nitroglycerin is an oily liquid that may explode when subjected to heat, shock, or flame. Engineer shows us just how explosive nitroglycerin is. Autonomic hyperreflexia images central nervous system autonomic hyperreflexia is a reaction of the autonomic involuntary nervous system to overstimulation. Nitroglycerin extendedrelease capsules are used to prevent chest pain angina in people with a certain heart condition coronary artery disease. Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive that violently decomposes when it is shaken or dropped. Jan 05, 2017 imagine a substance so powerful that it could blow you to bits or save your life depending on how you used it. A rapid and exothermic evolution of gaseous species is produced. Explosive reactions there are many chemical reactions that will release energy. Oxygen carriers assure complete oxidation of the carbon in the explosive mixture, which inhibits the formation of carbon monoxide.
Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all. Nitroglycerin is a nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. The stack of paper which was destroyed by the final, large reaction was a copy of the usa patriot act. Like the inaccuracy of the commonly used name, the popular reputation of glycerol trinitrate is also very misleading. Nitroglycerin explosion of 1927 butler county historical. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and lead azide, explosive. New developments and application in chemical reaction engineering. The incident and reflected shock temperatures are estimated. Initiation of detonation in liquid explosives by a reflected shock wave andrew j. This reaction appears to be accentuated by alcohol.
Feb 15, 2015 having made batches of glycerol trinitrate a. It was a seemingly normal thursday morning on june 9, 1927 in the lick hill village just outside of the city of butler, pennsylvania. Fifth or later edition edition january 1, 1998 language. What is the chemical reaction equation for dynamite explosion. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures.
The rapid part is what separates something like tnt from toluene. Aug 11, 2006 nitroglycerin is probably the most wellknown liquid explosive. Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. This reaction may include high blood pressure, change in heart rate, skin color changes paleness, redness, bluegrey skin color, and excessive sweating. These practice questions will help you study while you. Engineer shows us just how explosive nitroglycerin is using a. The calculated detonation velocity of this salt is 9066 msec, with calculated detonation pressure of 332 kbar, the detonation velocity was experimentally measured and is consistent with the calculated value. It is used as a propellant air bags, fertilizer, and for other purposes. Chemically, the substance is an organic nitrate compound rather than. From available commercial material, and with the right basic knowledge, it doesnt take too much expertise, said tal hanan, a security. An explosive which contains tnt instead of nitroglycerin to sensitize ammonium nitrate, and a little aluminum powder may also be added to increase the power. Nitroglycerin, solution in alcohol, with more than 1% but not more than 5% nitroglycerin may react vigorously with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. What is the chemical reaction equation for dynamite.
Explains each reaction and process with diagrams and pathways on screen. Confirm your knowledge of nitroglycerin with an interactive quiz and printable worksheet. Chemistry stack exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. Chemical reaction of dynamite by armand istanboulian on prezi. May react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. In this video, the high explosive nitroglycerin is synthesized. We all know a bunch of compounds with no2 groups attached such as nitroglycerin and tnt, and i understand they are very explosive. Nitroglycerine meaning in the cambridge english dictionary.
Dynamit besteht aus 75 % nitroglycerin als explosiver komponente, 24,5. Jan 09, 2008 dynamite uses the explosive chemical nitroglycerin, ch2ono2chono2ch2ono2. Nitroglycerin is incompatible with heat, ozone, shock, acids. Interest in the chlorates and perchlorates salts of chloric or perchloric acid as a base for explosives dates back to 1788. He then asked what i would do if the pain continued. In a nutshell, your intuition about the nitro group is accurate. For example, nitroglycerin is a primary explosive, while tnt is a secondary explosive. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. Nitroglycerin mechanism of action, nitroglycerin uses. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a nitric oxide donor, an explosive, a prodrug, a tocolytic agent, a muscle.
It is a colorless, crystalline solid that melts at 232 c and decomposes at 250 c. The explosive nitroglycerin c3h5n3o9 decomposes rapidly upon ignition or sudden impact according to the following balanced equation. Terrorists tested the explosive in the mid1990s as part of a plot to bomb 11 airliners over the pacific ocean, which was ultimately. Despite the explosive nature of this compound, it can be used to treat chest. It is very flammable, but has a low impact sensitivity.
Explosive behaviour of ammonium perchlorate sciencedirect. Nitroguanidine is an organic compound with the formula nh 2 2 cnno 2. To get an explosive, what we need is a rapid reaction that produces a lot of heat and gas to both cause the obvious effects of an explosion and to propagate the reaction to other molecules of explosive. A lower heat of explosion means a lower energy output and thereby less efficient blasting. Nitroglycerin, c3h5n033 or ch 2 no 3 chno 3 ch2n03 glyceryl trinitrate, an explosive first obtained in 1846 by ascanio sobrero mem. They were mixed with various solid and liquid fuels. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole.
Enthalpy of reaction the sum of all enthalpy of formation of all products the sum of all enthalpy of formation of all reactants 4c3h5n3o9l. It is also used with nitrocellulose in some propellants, especially for rockets and missiles, and it is employed as a vasodilator in the easing of cardiac pain. Nitroglycerin is an organic compound that is commonly used in explosives and also as a medicine. Find patient medical information for nitroglycerin oral on webmd including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. Canada has built jet impingement reactors for producing nitrobenzene, with a 10fold increase in reaction rate. My question is why are they so explosive, what leads to that high power expulsion of energy. Since the molecule contains oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, when it explodes a lot of energy is released as the atoms rearrange to form new molecules with strong, stable bonds, like n 2 and co. Albright, in cleanup of chemical and explosive munitions second edition, 2012. Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive. He asked me what i would do if i had this reaction and i told him i would take a nitroglycerin tab and wait five minutes.
But have you ever wondered how explosive this colorless. Nitroglycerin, a powerful explosive and an important ingredient of most forms of dynamite. Nitroglycerin ng, also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin tng, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate gtn, or 1,2,3trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester. When used regularly on a longterm basis, or just before exercise or a stressful event, sublingual. This chemical reaction is not implicated in my life because it is a very dangerous reactions for. As a result nitroglycerin is highly dangerous to transport or handle. It is the speed of the decomposition reaction which makes nitroglycerin such a violent explosive. Nitroglycerin auch nitroglyzerin, glycerintrinitrat oder glyceroltrinitrat, auch. Nitroglycerine and experimented with it, i feel qualified to answer. Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all of. What is the chemical reaction equation for dynamite explosion nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is wellknown for its explosive properties and remains an active ingredient in the creation of explosives such as dynamite. Nitroglycerin works by relaxing the muscles surrounding blood vessels arteries and veins and so helps more blood and oxygen reach the heart while reducing its work load. Thanks for contributing an answer to chemistry stack exchange.
Unnamed sources have stated that the attackers planned to mix a liquid dyed to resemble a sports drink with a peroxide gel to create an explosive substance. The effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. Nitroglycerin, also called glyceryl trinitrate, a powerful explosive and an important ingredient of most forms of dynamite. The reaction proceeds in several stages, mono, diand finally trinitrate being produced. It must be duly executed in triplicate by the carrier, and by the shipper if he loads the shipments. It decomposes explosively, yielding n2, co, h2o, and o2. It is moderately soluble in both water and organic solvents and the solubility quickly increases on warming. The relative calm of the summer morning was suddenly shattered, however, when a truck carrying nitroglycerin destined for oil well drilling operations exploded while the truck was leaving the main highway and entering a side road. Nitroglycerin is the active ingredient in dynamite and has applications in medicine. From these values, ammonium dinitroguanidine shows greater explosive performance than hmx.
If allowed to dry out, the remaining nitroglycerin is explosive. My neuro talked to me quite a bit about this before i started on copaxone because i have had a heart attack. Imagine a substance so powerful that it could blow you to bits or save your life depending on how you used it. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and lead azide, explosive composition of us patent 29525. Straight dynamite nitroglycerin in an absorbent, with. Nonnitroglycerin explosive article about nonnitroglycerin. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. Nitroglycerin is a powerful explosive, similar to ethylene glycol dinitrate. Unlike burning, which can only travel as fast as the flame front can move through the material, high explosives are decomposed almost instantaneously by a supersonic shock wave passing through the material.
1609 1268 60 1377 762 307 188 1682 1021 1453 1336 1008 500 1315 352 674 1486 65 1677 1025 394 1529 1119 1226 24 547 1438 1089 346 1425 1645 947 1293 984 886 781 1048 235 1045 1161 1065 13